23/11/2012
Today is our last english class. having final examination starting on 3rd december 2012. Goin to miss all my classmates. Thanks to my lecturer Ms.Baiti to teaching us.
23/11/2012
Modal auxiliary verbs may sound difficult but in fact they're easy. They are invariable (no conjugation). And the main verb is always the "bare infinitive" (the infinitive without "to"). Can, Could, Be able to Can and could are modal auxiliary verbs. Be able to is NOT an auxiliary verb (it uses the verb be as a main verb). We include be able to here for convenience. Have to, Must, Must not/Mustn't Must is a modal auxiliary verb. Have to is NOT an auxiliary verb (it uses the verb have as a main verb). We include have to here for convenience. Shall versus Will | Should versus Would People may sometimes tell you that there is no difference between shall and will, or even that today nobody uses shall (except in offers such as "Shall I call a taxi?"). They say the same thing about should, but it's not really true. Would Would is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use would mainly to talk about the past, talk about the future in the past and express the conditional mood. Should Should is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use should mainly to give advice or make recommendations, talk about obligation or talk about probability and expectation. |
tense | Affirmative/Negative/Question | Use | Signal Words |
---|---|---|---|
Simple Present | A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak? |
| always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If I talk, …) |
Present Progressive | A: He is speaking. N: He is not speaking. Q: Is he speaking? |
| at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now |
Simple Past | A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak? |
| yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday if sentence type II (If I talked, …) |
Past Progressive | A: He was speaking. N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking? |
| when, while, as long as |
Present Perfect Simple | A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken? |
| already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now |
Present Perfect Progressive | A: He has been speaking. N: He has not been speaking. Q: Has he been speaking? |
| all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week |
Past Perfect Simple | A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken? |
| already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day if sentence type III (If I had talked, …) |
Past Perfect Progressive | A: He had been speaking. N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking? |
| for, since, the whole day, all day |
Future I Simple | A: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak? |
| in a year, next …, tomorrow If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, shewill help you.) assumption: I think, probably, perhaps |
Future I Simple
(going to)
| A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak? |
| in one year, next week, tomorrow |
Future I Progressive | A: He will be speaking. N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking? |
| in one year, next week, tomorrow |
Future II Simple | A: He will have spoken. N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken? |
| by Monday, in a week |
Future II Progressive | A: He will have been speaking. N: He will not have been speaking. Q: Will he have been speaking? |
| for …, the last couple of hours, all day long |
Conditional I Simple | A: He would speak. N: He would not speak. Q: Would he speak? |
| if sentences type II (If I were you, I would go home.) |
Conditional I Progressive | A: He would be speaking. N: He would not be speaking. Q: Would he be speaking? |
| |
Conditional II Simple | A: He would have spoken. N: He would not have spoken. Q: Would he have spoken? |
| if sentences type III (If I had seen that, I would have helped.) |
Conditional II Progressive | A: He would have been speaking. N: He would not have been speaking. Q: Would he have been speaking? |
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18/9/2012
11/9/2012